home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
CNN Newsroom: Global View
/
CNN Newsroom: Global View.iso
/
wld
/
wlde.mi2
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-05-02
|
49KB
|
1,439 lines
<text>
<title>
Background on Terrorist Groups
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Patterns Of Global Terrorism: 1991
Background Information on Major Terrorist Groups
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Abu Nidal organization (ANO) aka: Fatah Revolutionary Council,
Arab Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black
September, Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims.
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> International terrorist organization led by Sabri al-Banna.
Split from PLO in 1974. Made up of various functional
committees, including political, military, and financial.
</p>
<p>Activities
</p>
<p> Has carried out over 90 terrorist attacks since 1974 in 20
countries, killing or injuring almost 900 people. Targets the
United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate
Palestinians, the PLO, and various Arab countries, depending on
which state is sponsoring it at the time. Major attacks include:
Rome and Vienna airports in December 1985, the Neve Shalom
synagogue in Istanbul, the Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking in Karachi
in September 1986, and The City of Poros day-excursion ship
attack in July 1988 in Greece. Suspected of carrying out
assassination on 14 January 1991 in Tunis of PLO deputy chief
Abu Iyad and PLO security chief Abu Hul. ANO members also
attacked and seriously wounded a senior ANO dissident in Algeria
in March 1990.
</p>
<p>Strength
</p>
<p> Several hundred plus "militia" in Lebanon and overseas
support structure.
</p>
<p>Location/Area of Operation
</p>
<p> Headquartered in Iraq (1974-83) and Syria (1983-87);
currently headquartered in Libya with substantial presence in
Lebanon (in the Bekaa Valley and several Palestinian refugee
camps in coastal areas of Lebanon). Also has presence in
Algeria. Has demonstrated ability to operate over wide area,
including Middle East, Asia, and Europe.
</p>
<p>External Aid
</p>
<p> Has received considerable support, including safehaven,
training, logistic assistance, and financial aid from Iraq and
Syria (until 1987); continues to receive aid from Libya, in
addition to close support for selected operations.
</p>
<p>At-Fatah aka: Al-'Asifa
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> Headed by Yasser Arafat, Fatah joined the PLO in 1968 and won
the leadership role in 1969. Its commanders were expelled from
Jordan following violent confrontations with Jordanian forces
during the period 1970-71, beginning with Black September in
1970. The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 led to the group's
dispersal to several Middle Eastern countries, including
Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria, Iraq, and others. Maintains several
military and intelligence wings that have carried out terrorist
attacks, including Force 17 and the Hawari Special Operations
Group. Two of its leaders, Abu Jihad and Abu Iyad, were
assassinated in recent years.
</p>
<p>Activities
</p>
<p> In the 1960s and 1970s, Fatah offered training to a wide
range of European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African terrorist
and insurgent groups. Carries out numerous acts of international
terrorism in Western Europe and Middle East in the early-to-mid-
1970s.
</p>
<p>Strength
</p>
<p> 6,000 to 8,000.
</p>
<p>Location/Area of Operation
</p>
<p> Headquartered in Tunisia, with bases in Lebanon and other
Middle Eastern countries.
</p>
<p>External aid
</p>
<p> Has had close, longstanding political and financial ties to
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other moderate Persian Gulf states.
These relations were disrupted by the Gulf crisis of 1990-91.
Also has had links to Jordan. Received weapons, explosives, and
training from the former USSR and the former Communist regimes
of East European states. China and North Korea have reportedly
provided some weapons.
</p>
<p>Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) aka:
The Orly Group, 3rd October Organization
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> Marxist-Leninist Armenian terrorist group formed in 1975
with stated intention to compel Turkish Government to
acknowledge publicly its alleged responsibility for the deaths
of 1.5 million Armenians in 1991, pay reparations, and cede
territory for an Armenian homeland. Led by Hagop Hagopian until
he was assassinated in Athens in April 1988.
</p>
<p>Activities
</p>
<p> Initial bombing and assassination attacks directed against
Turkish targets. Later attacked French and Swiss targets to
force release of imprisoned comrades. Made several minor bombing
attacks against US airline offices in Western Europe in early
1980s. Bombing of Turkish airline counter at Orly Airport in
Paris in 1983--eight killed and 55 wounded--led to split in
group over rationale for causing indiscriminate casualties.
Suffering from internal schisms, group has been relatively
inactive over past four years, although recently claimed an
unsuccessful attack on Turkish Ambassador to Hungary.
</p>
<p>Strength
</p>
<p> A few hundred members and sympathizers.
</p>
<p>Location/Area of Operation
</p>
<p> Lebanon, Western Europe, Armenia, United States, and Middle
East.
</p>
<p>External Aid
</p>
<p> Has received aid, including training and safehaven, from
Syria. May also receive some aid from Libya. Has extensive ties
to radical Palestinian groups, including the PFLP and the PFLP-
GC.
</p>
<p>Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> Founded in 1959 with the aim of creating an independent
homeland in Spain's Basque region. Has muted commitment to
Marxism. In 1974 split into two factions--ETA/Political-
Military and ETA-Military; the former has been inactive since
limited home rule granted in 1982. Despite the arrest of
several leaders and terrorist cells in Spain and France over the
past two years, ETA-Military has continued to conduct lethal
attacks.
</p>
<p>Activities
</p>
<p> Chiefly bombings and assassinations of Spanish Government
targets, especially security forces. Finances activities through
kidnappings, robberies, and extortion. Bombings are
sophisticated, lethal, and sometimes indiscriminate. Over 40
people were killed and over 200 injured in ETA attacks during
1991.
</p>
<p>Strength
</p>
<p> Unknown; may have hundreds of members, plus supporters.
</p>
<p>Location/Area of Operations
</p>
<p> Operates primarily in Spain and France, but conducted low-
intensity bombings against Spanish diplomatic, commercial and
cultural facilities in Italy and Germany in 1991.
</p>
<p>External Aid
</p>
<p> Has received training at various times in Libya, Lebanon, and
Nicaragua. Also has close ties to PIRA.
</p>
<p>Chukaku-Ha
</p>
<p> (Nucleus or Middle-Core Faction)
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> An ultraleftist/radical group with origins in the
fragmentation of the Japanese Communist Party in 1957. Largest
domestic militant group; has political arm plus small, covert
action wing called Kansai Revolutionary Army. Funding derived
from membership dues, sales of its newspapers, and fundraising
campaigns.
</p>
<p>Activities
</p>
<p> Participates in mass protest demonstrations and snake-dancing
in streets; supports farmers' protest of construction of Narita
airport, among other causes; sabotaged part of Japanese railroad
system in 1985 and 1986; sporadic attacks usually designed to
cause only property damage through use of crude rockets and
incendiary devices; anti-US attacks include small-scale rocket
attempts against US military and diplomatic targets. No US
casualties so far.
</p>
<p>Strength
</p>
<p> 3,500.
</p>
<p>Location/Area of Operation
</p>
<p> Japan.
</p>
<p>External Aid
</p>
<p> None known.
</p>
<p>CNPZ (see Nestor Paz Zamora Commission)
</p>
<p>Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
</p>
<p>Description
</p>
<p> Marxist group that split from the PFLP in 1969. Believes
Palestinian national goals can be achieved only through
revolution of the masses. In early 1980s, occupied political
stance midway between Arafat and the more radical
rejectionists. Split into two factions in 1991, one pro-Arafat
and another more hardline faction headed by